Migration Types Causes and Consequences Class 12 Geography Important Questions

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Important Questions of Migration Types Causes And Consequences Class 12

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

During colonial period (British period) millions of the indentured labourers were sent to Mauritius, Caribbean islands (Trinidad, Tobago and Guyana),Fiji and South Africa by British from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar; to Reunion Island, Guadeloupe,Martinique and Surinam by French and Dutch and by Portuguese from Goa, Daman and Diu to Angola,Mozambique to work as plantation workers. All such migrations were covered under the timebound contract known as Girmit Act (Indian Emigration Act). However, the living conditions of these indentured labourers were not better than the slaves.
The second wave of migrants ventured out into the neighbouring countries in recent times as professionals, artisans, traders and factory workers, in search of economic opportunities to Thailand,Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and African countries, etc. and the trend still continues. There was a steady outflow of India’s semi-skilled and skilled labour in the wake of the oil boom in West Asia in the 1970s. There was also some outflow of entrepreneurs, store owners, professionals, businessmen to Western countries.Third wave of migrants was comprised of professionals like doctors, engineers (1960s onwards), software engineers, management consultants, financial experts, media persons (1980s onwards), and others migrated to countries such as USA, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Germany. These professionals enjoy the distinction of being one of highly educated, the highest earning and prospering groups. After liberalisation, in the 90s education and knowledge–based Indian emigration has made Indian Diaspora one of the most powerful diasporas in the world. In all these countries, Indian diaspora has been playing an important role in the development of the respective countries.

Question. Under the provisions of which Act were the labourers emigrated from India to other European colonies?
(A) Girmit Act
(B) Girhit Act
(C) Indian Migration Act
(D) Indian Immigration Act

Question. Who sent the Indian labourers from Goa to Mozambique?
(A) British
(B) French
(C) Dutch
(D) Portuguese

Question. Which of these migrated from India during the second wave?
(A) Doctors
(B) Financial experts
(C) Artisans
(D) Software engineers

Question. When did the knowledge-based Indian migrate from India?
(A) 1960s
(B) 1970s
(C) 1980s
(D) 1990s

OR

Question. Which of these is not a part of Caribbean Islands?
(A) Trinidad
(B) Tobago
(C) Guyana
(D) Fiji

Question. The living conditions of the indentured labourers resembled those of:
(A) Kings
(B) Tradesmen
(C) Slaves
(D) None of these

Question. Which of these events happened in West Asia in 1970s?
(A) Oil boom
(B) Work boom
(C) Brain drain
(D) Imperialism

Question. Which of these countries was a destination for migrants in the second wave?
(A) Australia
(B) Canada
(C) Singapore
(D) Germany

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

The major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants. Remittances from the international migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange. In 2002, India received US$ 11 billion as remittances from international migrants. Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very significant amount from their international migrants. The amount of remittances sent by the internal migrants is very meagre as compared to international migrants, but it plays an important role in the growth of economy of the source area.
Remittances are mainly used for food, repayment of debts, treatment, marriages, children’s education, agricultural inputs, construction of houses, etc. For thousands of the poor villages of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,Himachal Pradesh, etc. remittance works as life blood for their economy. Migration from rural areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha to the rural areas of Punjab,Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh accounted for the success of their green revolution strategy for agricultural development. Besides this, unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding. Development of slums in industrially developed states such as Maharashtra,Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Delhi is a negative consequence of unregulated migration within the country.

Question. What is the major benefit that the source regions receive from the migrants?
(A) Medical aid
(B) Agricultural products
(C) Remittance
(D) Educational aid

Question. How much remittance did India receive in 2002 from international migrants?
(A) US$ 10 billion
(B) US$ 11 billion
(C) US$20 billion
(D) US$ 22 billion

Question. Give an example of uses of remittance.
(A) Repayment of debt
(B) Marriage
(C) Children’s education
(D) All of the Above

Question. Remittances appear to be responsive to income __________ .
(A) shortfalls
(B) boost
(C) outflow
(D) All of the Above

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

The internal migration (within the country) and international migration (out of the country and into the country from other countries)are presented under the internal migrants. The stream was dominated by female migrants. Most of these were migrants related to marriage part from these streams of internal migration. India also experiences immigration from and emigration to the neighbouring countries. Indian Census 2011 has recorded that more than 5 million persons have migrated to India from other countries.Out of these, about 88.9 percent came from the neighbouring countries: Bangladesh followed by Nepal and Pakistan.

Question. Internal migration refers to :
(A) Migration outside the country
(B) Migration outside the state
(C) Migration inside the country
(D) Migration inside the state

Question. Internal migration is also known as :
(A) Domestic migration
(B) International migration
(C) Rural migration
(D) Urban migration

Question. According to Indian Census 2011, more than _______million persons have migrated to India from other countries.
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7

Question. Out of the total migration, people migrated to India from Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
(A) 67%
(B) 79.9%
(C) 88.9 %
(D) None of the Above

IV. Study the given graph showing causes of migration of male population in India carefully and answer the following questions:

Question. What is the most common reason for male migration in India?
(A) Marriage
(B) Business
(C) Education
(D) Work/Employment

Question. What percentage of male population migrates with households?
(A) 2%
(B) 3%
(C) 25%
(D) 38%

Question. What ratio of male students migrate for educational purposes?
(A) 6:100
(B) 10:100
(C) 2:100
(D) 25:100

Question. Which of these can be one of the reasons for male migration covered under the category ‘Others’?
(A) Better employment opportunities
(B) Family reasons
(C) Environmental degradation
(D) In pursuit of higher studies

V. Study the given graph showing causes of migration of male population in India carefully and answer the following questions:

Intra state migration by place of last residence indicating migration steams (Duration 0-9 year)

Question. Which migration stream shows the highest number of migration both male and female categories?
(A) Rural to Urban
(B) Urban to Rural
(C) Rural to Rural
(D) Urban to Urban

Question. Why does female category show the highest migration in both the categories?
(A) Education
(B) Marriage
(C) Medical aids
(D) Employment

Question. Female migrants dominates which stream of migration?
(A) Move with household
(B) Better opportunities
(C) Marriage
(D) All of the Above

Question. Intra state migration means:
(A) Migration to another state
(B) Migration within the state
(C) Migration to another district
(D) None of the Above

OR

Question. How many types of migration takes place in India?
(A) Rural to Rural
(B) Rural to Urban
(C) Urban to Urban
(D) All of the Above

Question. What is the common feature shown among all the migration streams?
(A) Dominance of rural migration
(B) Dominance of female migration
(C) Dominance of male migration
(D) Dominance of male and female migration

Question. In which stream is the number of female migrants the highest?
(A) Rural to urban
(B) Urban to rural
(C) Urban to urban
(D) Rural to rural

Question. Give the main reason for Q. 3.
(A) Marriage
(B) Job transfer
(C) Medical facilities
(D) None of the Above