Classical Sociological Theories MCQ Questions with Answers

Students should go through the Classical Sociological Theories MCQ with Answers provided below. Classical Sociological Theories is an important topic for various commerce and competitive examinations. It’s important to practice as many MCQ Questions with Answers for Classical Sociological Theories as it will help them to practice and gain more expertise. Our team of expert faculty has designed questions with multiple-choice based on the latest examination pattern issued by various institutes. This will help them to gain understanding, have stronger concepts and get a better score in exams.

MCQ with Answers for Classical Sociological Theories

Question. Durkheim argued that the task of sociology should be the study of —-
A. Social progress
B. Social facts
C. Anomie
D. Consciousness

Question. ‘Suicide’ was published in the year
A. 1897
B. 1987
C. 1798
D. 1879

Question. Marx’s focus on real, existing contradictions led to a particular method for studying social phenomena called
A. Dialectical method
B. Economic determinism
C. Causality
D. Class conflict

Question. The theoretical foundation of Marxism is known as
A. Dialectical materialism
B. Historical materialism
C. Class struggle
D. Class consciousness

Question. Who coined the term Sociology
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Saint – Simon
C. Auguste Comte
D. Karl Marx

Question. ‘The Law of Three Stages’ is an idea developed by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Karl Marx
D. George Simmel

Question. Comte believed that ————- could be applied to the study of society and human behaviour
A. Comparative method
B. Phenomenology
C. Longitudinal study
D. Scientific method

Question. In which year Auguste Comte was born
A. 1789
B. 1798
C. 1759
D. 1799

Question. ‘The Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism’ was written by
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. Who said that ‘Sociology is a science?
A. Karl Marx
B. Georg Simmel
C. Max Weber
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. The second stage in ‘the Law of Three stages’ is
A. Theological stage
B. Meta-physical stage
C. Evolutionary stage
D. Positive stage

Question. The mode of production characterised by the emergence of private property is —
A. Ancient mode of production
B. Capitalist mode of production
C. Feudal mode of production
D. Asiatic mode of production

Question. The relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat) is called
A. Forces of production
B. Relations of production
C. Means of production
D. Exploitation

Question. The third stage in the Law of Three Stages is known as
A. Positive stage
B. Theological stage
C. Evolutionary stage
D. Metaphysical stage

Question. Comte’s theory of social dynamics is founded on …..
A. Social statics
B. Hierarchy of Sciences
C. The Law of three stages
D. Social physics

Question. According to Marx, under capitalist mode of production, the surplus takes the form of
A. Loss
B. Profit
C. Product
D. Relations

Question. The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was written by
A. Auguste Comte
B. Karl Marx
C. Max Weber
D. George Simmel

Question. —- had a dominant intellectual influence on Karl Marx
A. Auguste Comte
B. Hegel
C. Max Weber
D. George Simmel

Question. How many modes of production have been identified by Karl Marx during his study of societies?
A. Four
B. Three
C. Five
D. Two

Question. The idea of Social dynamics propounded by Comte refers to
A. Sociology
B. Social structures
C. Social change
D. Social thought

Question. The sociological perspective developed by Auguste Comte is known as
A. Constructionism
B. Interpretivism
C. Positivism
D. Phenomenology

Question. In the history of the development of sociology, ——- is known as a period of remarkable intellectual development and change in philosophical thought.
A. Industrial revolution
B. Period of enlightenment
C. Urbanization
D. Religious change

Question. The theorists who were most directly and positively influenced by the enlightenment thinking were
A. Auguste Comte and Durkheim
B. Saint Simon and Durkheim
C. Karl Marx and Karl Manheim
D. Alexis de Tocqueville and Karl Marx

Question. Marx called the quality of a commodity to serve a particular human need or function as
A. Exchange value
B. Use value
C. Surplus value
D. Labour value

Question. According to Marx. Exchange value is found only in
A. Socialism
B. Capitalism
C. Feudalism
D. Communism

Question. The suicide of older men threatened with severe illness is an example for
A. Altruistic suicide
B. Anomic suicide
C. Fatalistic suicide
D. Egoistic suicide

Question. ———– is at the opposite pole of social integration to altruistic suicide
A. Altruistic suicide
B. Anomic suicide
C. Fatalistic suicide
D. Egoistic suicide

Question. The political tension and economic antagonism between two classes is called
A. Class competition
B. Class conflict
C. Class interests
D. Class upheaval

Question. According to Marx, the conflict of interests between two antagonistic classes leads to
A. Class struggle
B. Class tension
C. Competition
D. War

Question. In capitalism who owns and controls the capital?
A. Slaves
B. Proletariats
C. Bourgeoisie
D. Serfs

Question. The term used to describe Marx’s main theoretical perspective for understanding society and history
A. Historical materialism
B. Dialectical materialism
C. Economic determinism
D. Historical determinism

Question. Which of the following is not an aspect of alienation in capitalist societies?
A. Alienation from the product activity
B. Alienation from the products
C. Alienation from species
D. Alienation from wages

Question. The rise of individualism was an important social thought emerged out of ——–
A. Industrial revolution
B. Agricultural revolution followed by industrial revolution
C. Industrial revolution and French revolution
D. Enlightenment and French revolution

Question. In Marx’s view, the factor that binds one class to another is
A. Mode of production
B. Forces of production
C. Means of production
D. Relations of production

Question. In an economic system, the ———— has the ability to determine the system of social relations arising from it
A. Mode of production
B. Forces of production
C. Means of production
D. Relations of production

Question. The mode of production that encompasses a rudimentary system of production in which people live together principally by hunting and gathering was
A. Feudal mode of production
B. Ancient mode of production
C. Capitalism
D. Asiatic mode of production

Question. The dramaturgical model for the analysis of social interaction was developed by
A. Erving Goffman
B. Sigmund Freud
C. C H Cooley
D. George Herbert Mead

Question. One of the major concept in social darwinism
A. Struggle for existence
B. Survival of the fittest
C. Organic analogy
D. Natural selection

Question. Of the four types of mode of production identified by Karl Marx, which one had a communal ownership over the property with no system of class relations?
A. Feudal mode of production
B. Asiatic mode of production
C. Ancient mode of production
D. Capitalism

Question. A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy was written in the year
A. 1857
B. 1856
C. 1869
D. 1859

Question. According to Marx, a thing whose qualities are capable of satisfying human needs is known as
A. Capital
B. Subject
C. Commodity
D. Surplus

Question. Auguste Comte’s law of three stages about the development of society include
A. Feudal, Industrial and mechanical
B. Positive, negative and neutral
C. Theological, metaphysical and positive
D. Inequality, conflict and equality

Question. Which is not part of the Law of Three Stages according to Auguste Comte?
A. The Theological stage
B. The Metaphysical stage
C. The Metamorphic stage
D. The Positive Stage

Question. ‘Principles of Sociology’ is a work done by
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. Who is known as the founding father of Sociology?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Who coined the term “Sociology”?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Charismatic authority is characterised by
A. The supernatural powers possessed by a person
B. The exceptional personal qualities of a leader
C. The inherited status
D. The status occupied by voting

Question. According to Max Weber, the basis for the functioning of the legal-rational authority is?
A. Non-hierarchy
B. Dysfunctional system
C. Unwritten laws
D. Rules

Question. Comte, through his ‘Law of Three Stages’ clearly established a close association between
A. Intellectual evolution and Social progress
B. Social change and Social dynamics
C. Social structures and social statics
D. Social laws and social change

Question. —– is the amount of socially necessary labour time needed to produce an article under the normal conditions of production and with the average degree of skill and intensity of the time.
A. Use value
B. Surplus value
C. Labour theory of value
D. Exchange value

Question. In Marxist theory, the working class is called
A. The proletariat
B. Bourgeoisie
C. Capitalists
D. Leftists

Question. For the contemporary sociologists, social statics and social dynamics refers to
A. The study of sociology
B. Social structure and function
C. Social structure and social status
D. Social interdependence

Question. Comte divided the study of Sociology into two broad areas namely
A. Social statics and social dynamics
B. Science and scientific methods
C. Social approach and methods
D. Sociological study and interpretation

Question. Which of the following is known to be the famous work of Max Weber
A. The German Ideology
B. The Sociology of Diaspora
C. The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
D. Suicide

Question. The concept of Bureaucracy was given by
A. Max Weber
B. Emile Durkheim
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Auguste Comte

Question. The term ‘Organic analogy’ is associated with
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. ‘First Principle’ is the work by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Spencer through hisLaissez-faire doctrine advocates that
A. The state should not intervene in individual affairs except in the rather passive function of protecting people
B. The state should not let individuals to live free in a society
C. The state shall hold the supreme authority over the matters related to the life of the individuals
D. The state should not be responsible for the crimes committed by the individuals

Question. ‘Principles of Ethics is written by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. According to Durkheim the term anomie refers to a state of
A. Comfortability with high integration
B. High integration and social cohesion
C. Chaos and normlessness
D. High division of labour

Question. According to Durkheim, the collective ways of thinking, feeling and acting is known as
A. Social integration
B. Social solidarity
C. Social norms
D. Social facts

Question. In which year Herbert Spencer was born
A. 1920
B. 1821
C. 1820
D. 1870

Question. For Durkheim ——- describes the degree of social integration which links individuals to social groups outside them.
A. Acculturation
B. Association
C. Social solidarity
D. Social facts

Question. The type of social bonding that discourages individual autonomy in a society is termed as
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Homogenous solidarity
D. Heterogeneous solidarity

Question. Marx called the capacity of human labour to bring about utility in a commodity and produce simple use values as
A. Useful labour
B. Abstract labour
C. Distinct labour
D. Definite labour

Question. Marx stated that the products of useful labour assumes the form of commodities only in
A. Feudalistic societies
B. Ancient societies
C. Agricultural societies
D. Capitalist societies

Question. What was the major factor that led to French revolution?
A. Enlightenment
B. Industrial revolution
C. Positive philosophy
D. Estate system

Question. The hierarchical system existed in France at the time of French revolution
A. Class system
B. Caste system
C. Estate system
D. Egalitarianism

Question. According to Marx, exploitation takes the form of surplus value in
A. Feudalistic societies
B. Capitalist societies
C. Ancient societies
D. Agricultural societies

Question. The name Marx gave to the process whereby the means of production become the private property of one class of persons and create the ‘pauperization of the direct producer’
A. Commoditization
B. Surplus value
C. Primitive accumulation
D. Division of labour

Question. Workers who sell their labour and do not own their own means of production are
A. Bourgeoisie
B. Proletariat
C. Middle men
D. Slaves

Question. The division of class in a capitalist society is based on
A. The ownership of property
B. The changes in relations
C. The production of commodities
D. The surplus value

Question. According to Marx, ——- breaks the fundamental connections human beings have to the means of production in terms of economic subsistence and survival
A. Alienation
B. Commoditization
C. Production activity
D. Exchange of goods

Question. When a person is alienated from the human social community, it is called
A. Alienation from the product activity
B. Alienation from the product
C. Alienation from the species
D. Alienation from fellow humans.

Question. The term used by Durkheim to identify a system of social relations linking individuals to each other and to the society as a whole is
A. Acculturation
B. Association
C. Social solidarity
D. Social facts

Question. Which was the second estate prevailing in France during French revolution?
A. Clergy
B. Nobles
C. Serfs
D. Labourers

Question. Which was the third estate prevailing in France during French revolution?
A. Clergy
B. Nobles
C. Serfs
D. Labourers

Question. When a society is with a homogeneous population which is small and isolated, it is characterised by the existence of
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Homogenous solidarity
D. Heterogeneous solidarity

Question. According to Durkheim, when an industrial crisis breaks down the social solidarity existing between specialized functions and creates a decline in social cohesion, it is called
A. The forced division of labour
B. Poor division of labour
C. Abnormal division of labour
D. Anomic division of labour

Question. According to Durkheim, the study of the form and structure of societies and its classification based on attributes can be called as
A. Social pathology
B. Social phenomenology
C. Social morphology
D. Social psychology

Question. ————— is the result of the weakening of the bonds which tie the individual to the society
A. Anomic suicide
B. Fatalistic suicide
C. Egoistic suicide
D. Altruistic suicide

Question. According to Marx, anything in the external world that is used to produce material needs and maintain existence is termed as
A. Mode of production
B. Forces of production
C. Relations of production
D. Means of production

Question. Marx denotes land, animals, tools, machinery etc are examples for the
A. Mode of production
B. Forces of production
C. Means of production
D. Relations of production

Question. They type of suicide resulting from too much social integration is known as
A. Anomic suicide
B. Fatalistic suicide
C. Egoistic suicide
D. Altruistic suicide

Question. The type of altruistic suicide in which society imposes an explicit duty on individuals to take their own life but lacking specific coercive pressure from the community is known as
A. Optional altruistic suicide
B. Obligatory altruistic suicide
C. Acute altruistic suicide
D. Mystic altruistic suicide

Question. —— posits the idea that every economic order grows to a state of maximum efficiency, while at the same time developing internal contradictions/ weaknesses that contribute to its decay
A. Historical materialism
B. Dialectical materialism
C. Economic determinism
D. Historical determinism

Question. In feudalism, the oppressors are known as
A. Bourgeoisie
B. Capitalists
C. Serfs
D. Feudal lords

Question.The type of suicide occurring due to excess of social regulation is called
A. Altruistic suicide
B. Anomic suicide
C. Fatalistic suicide
D. Egoistic suicide

Question. According to Weber, the process by which nature, society and individual actions are increasingly mastered by an orientation to planning, technical procedure and rational action is called
A. Rationalization
B. Rationality
C. Social causation
D. Individual autonomy

Question. According to Marx, when workers become estranged from the things they produce, it is called
A. Alienation from the product activity
B. Alienation from the product
C. Alienation from the species
D. Alienation from fellow-beings

Question. The type of alienation in which human beings lose control over the capacity of their labour to affirm their being and define their self-existence is
A. Alienation from the product activity
B. Alienation from the product
C. Alienation from the self
D. Alienation from fellow-beings

Question. The term Weber used to refer to the capacity of social action to be subject to calculation in the means and ends of action is
A. Rationalization
B. Rationality
C. Social causation
D. Calculation

Question. Which perspective advocated society as a system with balance and boundaries?
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Interactionism
D. Conflict perspective

Question. Who introduced the term sociological imagination?
A. Lewis Coser
B. C H Cooley
C. C Wright Mills
D. Max Weber

Question. Spencer’s famous work ‘Principles of Sociology’ was published in the year
A. 1880
B. 1870
C. 1845
D. 1854

Question. The most extreme form of opposition to Enlightenment ideas was ——
A. French Catholic counterrevolutionary philosophy
B. Suffrage Movement
C. Orthodox Believers’ Movement
D. Western European Union Philosophy

Question. ———— was greatly influenced by Montesquieu’s ‘The Spirit of the Laws’
A. Machiavelli
B. Auguste Comte
C. Donald Stevenson
D. Alexis de Tocqueville

Question. Who argued that the society and living organisms have similarities in structure and function?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Anomie refers to
A. A construct, or a made-up model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
B. The study of small groups.
C. A condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values or from a lack of purpose or ideals
D. A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behaviour

Question. According to Durkheim, anomie is caused by
A. Division of labour and rapid social change from traditional to modern society
B. Too much pressure from the state
C. When poverty is eradicated from a society
D. High educational attainment of a group in a society

Question. Who introduced the term ‘anomie’ in the study of society
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. One of the prominent leaders of the French Catholic counterrevolutionary philosophy was
A. Louis de Bonald
B. Lewis Coser
C. William Hopkins
D. Karl Marx

Question. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is written by
A. Karl Marx
B. Emile Durkheim
C. Auguste Comte
D. Gerorge Simmel

Question. Durkheim was born in the year
A. 1868
B. 1857
C. 1856
D. 1858

Question. Who among the following stressed upon the interdependence of different parts of society
A. Auguste Comte
B. Gerorge Simmel
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Herbert Spencer

Question. The concept of ‘Social evolution’ was developed by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Emile Durkheim died in the year
A. 1916
B. 1918
C. 1917
D. 1919

Question. According to Durkheim the central characteristic of religion was
A. Sacred-profane dichotomy
B. Life after death
C. Highly superstitious
D. Elimination of all forms of discrimination

Question. The term used by Durkheim to indicate the communal beliefs, morals and attitudes of a society
A. Collective morals
B. Collective consciousness
C. Collective behaviour
D. Collective conscience

Question. The system in which the capitalists own the means of production is
A. Socialism
B. Capitalism
C. Feudalism
D. Communism

Question. The Sociological paradigm that focuses on the way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole is called
A. Structuralism
B. Structural-functionalism
C. Conflict theory
D. Symbolic interactionism

Question. Weber’s theory of social class appears in his work
A. The Sociology of Religion
B. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
C. The Capitalist society
D. Economy and Society

Question. According to Durkheim, —– are external to the individual
A. Social facts
B. Social solidarity
C. Social justice
D. Social sanction

Question. Durkheim maintained that in order to study social facts, it should be considered as
A. Abstracts
B. Things
C. Facts
D. Pathological

Question. August Comte defined sociology as a
A. Comparative science
B. Historical method
C. Positive science
D. General Science

Question. Evolutionary theory is often regarded as the greatest contribution of British Sociologist
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Karl Marx
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Associated with the enlightenment is the 17th century —-
A. Globalization
B. Privatization
C. Scientific thought
D. Common sense

Question. Who among the following is closely associated with “Enlightenment?’
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spence
C. George Simmel
D. Voltaire

Question. The building blocks of a theory is called
A. Definitions
B. Concepts
C. Propositions
D. Variables

Question. A concept having two or more values or categories that can vary and be measured is known as
A. Definitions
B. Concepts
C. Propositions
D. Variables

Question. Urbanization was the result of ————— during 18thcentury
A. Scientific thought
B. French revolution
C. Industrial revolution
D. Globalization

Question. Who served as advisors to King and Governors in the estate system?
A. Clergy
B. Nobles
C. Serfs
D. Labourers

Question. The theoretical perspective that holds that society is a complex system whose various parts work together to produce stability is
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Conflict perspective
D. Interactionism

Question. The theoretical perspective that emphasises the importance of moral consensus in maintaining order and stability in a system is called
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Conflict perspective
D. Interactionism

Question. What are manifest functions?
A. Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action
B. Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action
C. Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action
D. Recognised and intended consequences of a social action

Question. Symbolic interactionism focuses on ———-
A. Structure of the society
B. Function of the society
C. Conflicts over resources
D. One to one interactions and communications

Question. Who believed that society is a complex system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. The evolutionary perspective holds the idea that
A. The social system is in a state of equilibrium
B. Change in one part of a system affects other parts
C. Societies gradually change from simple to complex systems
D. The social system consists of interrelated parts

Question. The study of everyday behaviour in situations of face to face interaction is usually called
A. Microsociology
B. Public sociology
C. Macrosociology
D. Political sociology

Question. Who advocated a social action approach in sociology?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. The social force binding people together in a society will be weak when the society is characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Inorganic solidarity
D. Capital solidarity

Question. Theories that deal with the analysis of large-scale social structures and long-term processes of change is called
A. Micro level theories
B. Macro level theories
C. Middle-range theories
D. Symbolic interactionism

Question. The authority based on the exceptional qualities of a leader remarks
A. Supreme authority
B. Legal-rational authority
C. Charismatic authority
D. Traditional authority

Question. Sociology as a separate discipline was emerged primarily out of ———–
A. Russian revolution
B. Enlightenment thought
C. Classical thought
D. Social philosophy

Question. Levi-Strauss is a prominent
A. Functionalist
B. Interactionist
C. Structural- functionalist
D. Structuralist

Question. Conflict theories operate at a ——– perspective
A. Micro-level
B. Macro-level
C. Individual level
D. Peripheral level

Question. When did Industrial revolution take place?
A. 16th Century
B. 17th Century
C. 18th Century
D. 19th Century

Question. As a result of —- the aristocrats lost their power and wealth and bourgeoisie came into power
A. Scientific thought
B. French revolution
C. Industrial revolution
D. Globalization

Question. The sociological paradigm that focuses on the way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power is known as
A. Structuralism
B. Structural-functionalism
C. Conflict theory
D. Symbolic interactionism

Question. Auguste Comte believed that human societies can evolve only in a
A. Stagnant state
B. Polylinear way
C. Multi-linear way
D. Uni-linear way

Question. Latent functions are always
A. Unrecognised and intended consequences of a social action
B. Recognised and unintended consequences of a social action
C. Unrecognised and Unintended consequences of a social action
D. Recognised and intended consequences of a social action

Question. Symbolic interactionism is known to be a —————–
A. Micro-level theory
B. Macro-level theory
C. Meso-level theory
D. Middle-range theory

Question. Who is known as the founder of conflict theory?
A. Karl Marx
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. A prominent exponent of functionalism in the United States
A. Karl Marx
B. Durkheim
C. Talcott Parsons
D. Wilfredo Pareto

Question. The concept of ‘dysfunction’ is a major contribution of
A. Durkheim
B. Robert K Merton
C. Talcott Parsons
D. Wilfredo Pareto

Question. Who is the founder of symbolic interactionism?
A. Herbert Blumer
B. Sigmund Freud
C. C H Cooley
D. George Herbert Mead

Question. Who among the following coined the term ‘symbolic interactionism’?
A. Herbert Blumer
B. Sigmund Freud
C. C H Cooley
D. George Herbert Mead

Question. Who postulated the theory of social Darwinism?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Saint – Simon
C. Auguste Comte
D. Karl Marx

Question. Marx believed that the destruction of capitalism will lead to the formation of
A. Feudalism
B. Agrarian system
C. Socialism
D. Secularism

Question. Karl Marx was inspired by the dialectical method of
A. Saint simon
B. Hegel
C. Engel
D. Weber

Question. What are the three stages argued by Comte that knowledge pass through?
A. Primitive – feudal – capitalistic
B. Theological – metaphysical –positive
C. Barbarian – Agricultural – Industrial
D. Tribal – Industrial – Capitalistic

Question. Who among the following analysed the impact of religious beliefs on the economic growth for the first time?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Max Webber
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Who advocated the social action approach in sociology for the first time?
A. Max Webber
B. Auguste Comte
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. In a feudal society, feudal lords exploit ——-
A. Slaves
B. Proletariats
C. Bourgeoisie
D. Serfs

Question. In a capitalist society, Bourgeoisie exploit —
A. Slaves
B. Proletariats
C. Lords
D. Serfs

Question. Weber’s concept, the Verstehen stands for
A. Understanding of how the researchers interpret the social action
B. Understanding social action in an objective manner
C. Understanding how the social world is made of actors
D. Understanding social world from the point of view of the actors

Question. What distinguishes Calvinism from Lutheranism?
A. Conversion
B. Predestination
C. Repentance
D. Systematization

Question. The French revolution marked the development of a new class called
A. Proletariats
B. Labourer
C. Capitalists
D. Peasants

Question. Who among the following held the view that society is a moral entity?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. In which year did the French revolution take place?
A. 1789
B. 1769
C. 1787
D. 1798

Question. ———- paved way for the destruction of feudal system and emergence of modern capitalism
A. Scientific thought
B. French revolution
C. Industrial revolution
D. Globalization

Question. Which was the first estate prevailing in France during French revolution?
A. Clergy
B. Nobles
C. Serfs
D. Labourers

Question. Marx called the distinctive method for the analysis of the historical development of society as
A. Conflict approach
B. Neo-Marxist theories
C. Historical materialism
D. Dialectical materialism

Question. The Communist Manifesto was written in the year
A. 1848
B. 1838
C. 1845
D. 1854

Question. A system in which the workers sell their labour power for wage is known as
A. Socialism
B. Capitalism
C. Feudalism
D. Communism

Question. ‘Goods are produced for sale rather than own use’ is a remarkable characteristic of
A. Feudal societies
B. Capitalist societies
C. Ancient societies
D. Primitive societies

Question. Who said that society is a ‘reality sui generis?’
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. The Course of Positive Philosophy published in
A. Five Volumes
B. Six volumes
C. Four volumes
D. Three volumes

Question. Who among the following is known as ‘Social Darwinist’
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. What were the intellectual forces operative during the nineteenth century?
A. Rationalism
B. Humanitarianism
C. Empiricism
D. All of them.

Question. According to Durkheim, social solidarity depends on the extent of
A. Discrimination
B. Alienation
C. Division of labour
D. Gender inequality

Question. The binding force between individual and society in primitive societies is regarded as
A. Conscience collective
B. Totemism
C. Social facts
D. Suicide

Question. The type of social solidarity found among agrarian societies is
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Nominal solidarity
D. Attitudinal solidarity

Question. Societies, where individuals were held together by the mechanical solidarity are characterised by
A. High differentiation between individual and collective conscience
B. No distinction between individual and collective conscience
C. No conscience at all
D. Specialised division of labour and job opportunities

Question. According to Durkheim, the industrial societies are characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Nominal solidarity
C. Attitudinal solidarity
D. Organic solidarity

Question. ‘The Man Versus The State’ is written by
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Who among the following viewed society as an organism with interrelated parts
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. Durkheimian approach to sociology is called
A. Structuralism
B. Socialism
C. Functionalism
D. Interactionism

Question. Durkheim held that in industrial societies, ——- is based around an acceptance of economic and social differences
A. Social order
B. Social differentiation
C. Social acceptability
D. Social thinking

Question. Durkheim divided suicide into — types
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Two

Question. Who is regarded as the founding father of functionalist analysis within sociology?
A. Karl Marx
B. August Comte
C. Durkheim
D. Max Weber

Question. The concept of alienation is developed by
A. Karl Marx
B. Max Weber
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Auguste Comte

Question. The process by which a commodity takes on an independent, almost mystical external reality is known as
A. External value
B. Surplus value
C. Fetishism of commodities
D. Labour value

Question. According to Durkheim, anomic suicide occurs when
A. A person is too much integrated with the society
B. A person feels disconnected from the society due to lack of social integration
C. A person feels totally detached from the society
D. A person feels extreme social regulation resulting in oppressive conditions

Question. Weber’s analysis of modern society centred on the concept of..
A. Rationalization
B. Modernization
C. Bureaucracy
D. Power

Question. In his work ‘The Elementary Forms of Religious Life’, Durkheim attributes the development of religion
A. To the development of anomie
B. To the emotional security attained through communal living
C. To the higher rates of suicide
D. To opium

Question. The Rules of Sociological Method was published in the year
A. 1895
B. 1795
C. 1869
D. 1879

Question. Who developed the concept of ideal type?
A. Karl Marx
B. Max Weber
C. Talcott Parsons
D. Auguste Comte

Question. ‘Positive Philosophy’ is the work done by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. ‘Positive Polity” is written by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. How many types of social action are distinguished in Max Weber’s sociology?
A. Six types
B. Four types
C. Three types
D. Five types

Question. Zweckrational actions are otherwise known as
A. Affective Action
B. Value oriented action
C. Goal oriented action
D. Traditional action

Question. According to Durkheim, Australian totemismthe most primitive and simplest form of — known to us
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Religion
C. Polity
D. Economy

Question. The third estate of the estate system in France consisted of —– percent of the French population
A. 20 percent
B. 75 percent
C. 50 percent
D. 96 percent

Question. In a system of ancient mode of production the ‘oppressed’ were
A. Slaves
B. Landlords
C. Peasants
D. Tenants

Question. The feudal mode of production provided landholders with the powers of coercion over the class of
A. Proletariats
B. Bourgeoisie
C. Serfs
D. Capitals

Question. The first estate in France held its supremacy through the power of church
A. Clergy
B. Nobles
C. Serfs
D. Labourers

Question. The period of enlightenment is also known as
A. Age of darkness
B. Age of reasoning
C. Age of revolution
D. Age of commonsense

Question. Who is the author of ‘Political Philosophy’ that had significantly influenced the French revolution?
A. Jean-JacquesRousseau
B. Montesquieu
C. Denis Diderot
D. David Hume

Question. The egalitarian society Marx believed to replace the capitalism is called
A. Feudal society
B. Agrarian society
C. Socialist society
D. Industrial society

Question. Max Weber’s ‘the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism’ focuses on
A. The relationship between the ethics of ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of the spirit of modern capitalism
B. The relationship between the Protestants and the Capitalists in terms of exploitation
C. The relationship of the ideology of Protestants and the Capitalist mode of production
D. The issues in accumulating wealth among the Capitalists and the Protestants’ struggle

Question. Who among the following said that ‘Sociology is the science of understanding the meaning of social action?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. The doctrine that holds the view that historical circumstances are determined by a sequence of economic events connected to the act of production is known as
A. Historical materialism
B. Rationalization
C. Economic determinism
D. Economic materialism

Question. Weber placed ———– as the key to understand the pattern of historical development
A. Power
B. Ideal types
C. Bureaucracy
D. Rationalization

Question. Who said that Sociology is a science?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Webber

Question. Strong social bonds between people can be seen when the society is characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Inorganic solidarity
D. Capital solidarity

Question. According to Karl Marx, class conflict occurs with the emergence of
A. Competition
B. Cooperation
C. Compartmentalisation
D. Class consciousness

Question. Conclusions drawn about the relationship among concepts based on the logical interrelationship is called
A. Definitions
B. Concepts
C. Propositions
D. Variables

Question. Specified expectations about empirical reality derived from propositions are called
A. Definitions
B. Propositions
C. Variables
D. Hypotheses

Question. According to Weber, the amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision is called
A. Practical rationality
B. Theoretical rationality
C. Formal rationality
D. Substantive rationality

Question. Weber refers practical rationality as
A. The amount of quantitative calculation and accounting procedure that goes into an action or decision.
B. A way of looking at the world in which the meaning of an act is believed to lie in its function or utility.
C. The one that imposes order on reality by conceptual reasoning
D. A practical orientation of action regarding outcomes or results.

Question. The single most fundamental fact of the materialist theory of history is
A. Control over the history of production
B. The ownership over the means of production
C. Ownership over the relations of production
D. Distribution of the forces of production

Question. In Marx’s view, the forces of production along with the relations of production define —
A. Mode of production
B. Means of production
C. Surplus value
D. Labour value

Question. In a society where labour is specialized and individuals are linked more to each other than they are to society as a whole, it is characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Homogenous solidarity
D. Heterogeneous solidarity

Question. According to Durkheim, the primary characteristic of organic solidarity is the development of
A. Social facts
B. Suicide
C. Division of labour
D. Forced labour

Question. Robert K Merton is a
A. Structuralist
B. Structural-Functionalist
C. Conflict theorist
D. Interactionist

Question. Middle-range theories is a great contribution by
A. Robert K Merton
B. Talcott Parson
C. Ralph Dahrendorf
D. Wright Mills

Question. Durkheim holds the view that the preindustrial societies were held together by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Nominal solidarity
D. Attitudinal solidarity

Question. A value oriented rational action is otherwise called
A. Wert-rational action
B. Zweckrational action
C. Traditional action
D. Affective action

Question. How many types of authorities have been identified by Max Weber based on its claim to legitimacy?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

Question. When a person enjoys authority by virtue of his inherited status, then that type of authority is known as
A. Traditional authority
B. Charismatic authority
C. Legal-rational authority
D. Democratic authority

Question. A systematic interpretive process of understanding the meaning of action from the actor’s point of view refers to
A. Verstehen
B. Functionalism
C. Structuralism
D. Conflict approach

Question. Karl Marx was born in the year
A. 1818
B. 1819
C. 1918
D. 1817

Question. Das Kapital was written by
A. Georg Simmel
B. Max Weber
C. Emile Durkheim
D. Karl Marx

Question. Max weber was born in the year
A. 1764
B. 1864
C. 1865
D. 1765

Question. To Max Weber, ideal types are
A. Social realities
B. Sociological phenomena
C. Material tools
D. Mental constructs

Question. Das Kapital was written in the year
A. 1876
B. 1786
C. 1867
D. 1875

Question. A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy is authored by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Lewis Coser
C. Karl Marx
D. Max Weber

Question. ‘Suicide’ is authored by
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. The Division of Labour in Society is a great work by
A. Emile Durkheim
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Auguste Comte
D. Gerorge Simmel

Question. According to Karl Marx the present state will
A. Continue for long
B. Will wither away
C. Deliver goods with the passage of time
D. Slowly benefit the workers

Question. According to Karl Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of
A. Economic determinism
B. Exploitation
C. Class struggles
D. Alienation

Question. According to Durkheim, modern societies are characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Nominal solidarity
D. Attitudinal solidarity

Question. Durkheim introduced the concept of ‘anomie’ was in his study of
A. Suicide
B. Social control
C. Social progress
D. Modernization

Question. The Rules of Sociological Method is a famous work of
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Auguste Comte
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. The term conscience collective was used by Durkheim to indicate
A. Shared taboos
B. Fashion sense among the members
C. Shared belief system
D. Kinship system

Question. According to Marx, the capacity to do a useful work that increases the value of the products is called
A. Surplus value
B. Labour value
C. Labour power
D. Exploitation

Question. The scientific view developed by Auguste Comte is known as
A. Philosophical science
B. Positive philosophy
C. Negative philosophy
D. Scientific philosophy

Question. Auguste Comte initially called Sociology ———-
A. Social dynamics
B. Social system
C. Social physics
D. Social science

Question. The mode of production existed in primitive communities in which ownership of land was communal is known as
A. Ancient mode of production
B. Capitalist mode of production
C. Feudal mode of production
D. Asiatic mode of production

Question. According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between
A. Means of production and surplus value
B. Means of production and mode of production
C. Mode of production and relations of production
D. Means of production and relations of production

Question. Who coined the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’ in the course of social evolution?
A. Auguste Comte
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Gerorge Simmel
D. Emile Durkheim

Question. ‘Social statics’ is written by
A. Gerorge Simmel
B. Emile Durkheim
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Auguste Comte

Question. Comte developed the Law of Three Stages in his work —-
A. Treatise on Sociology
B. Religion of Humanity
C. The Origin of Sociology
D. The Course in Positive Philosophy

Question. Comte used the term Social Statics to indicate
A. Existing social structures
B. Positive effects
C. Social dynamics
D. Social evolution

Question. Emile Durkheim’s endeavor to establish sociology as a separate academic discipline centred on his efforts to:
A. Develop an all-encompassing synthesis of major sociological perspectives.
B. Demonstrate the influence of social forces on people’s behavior.
C. Show how an understanding of sociological principles could be used to solve social problems.
D. Chart the evolution of major social institutions.

Question. Durkheim’s research suggested that
A. Catholics had much higher suicide rates than Protestants.
B. There seemed to higher rates of suicide in times of peace than in times of war and revolution.
C. Civilians were more likely to take their lives than soldiers.
D. Suicide is a solitary act, unrelated to group life.

Question. According to Durkheim primitive societies are characterised by
A. Mechanical solidarity
B. Organic solidarity
C. Nominal solidarity
D. Attitudinal solidarity

Question. Durkheim denoted the establishment of specified jobs for specific people as
A. The division of gender
B. The division of labour
C. The division of rules
D. The division of solidarity

Question. A rational-purposeful action is based on
A. Value rationality
B. Traditional rationality
C. Means-end rationality
D. Affectionate rationality

Question. The type of action guided by customs and longstanding beliefs is
A. Wert-rational action
B. Zweck-rational action
C. Traditional action
D. Affective action