Please refer to Class 12 Physics Sample Paper Term 2 With Solutions Set B provided below. The Sample Papers for Class 12 Physics have been prepared based on the latest pattern issued by CBSE. Students should practice these guess papers for class 12 Physics to gain more practice and get better marks in examinations. The Term 2 Sample Papers for Physics Standard 12 will help you to understand the type of questions which can be asked in upcoming examinations.
Term 2 Sample Paper for Class 12 Physics With Solutions Set B
Section-A
1. In a pure semiconductor crystal of Si, if antimony is added then what type of extrinsic semiconductor is obtained. Draw the energy band diagram of this extrinsic semiconductor so formed.
Answer. As given in the statement antimony is added to pure Si crystal, then a n -type extrinsic semiconductor would be so obtained, since antimony (Sb) is a pentavalent impurity.
Energy level diagram of n-type semiconductor
2. Consider two different hydrogen atoms. The electron in each atom is in an excited state. Is it possible for the electrons to have different energies but same orbital angular momentum according to the Bohr model? Justify your answer.
OR
Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted in a photocell vary if the frequency of incident radiation is doubled, but keeping the intensity same? Show the graphical variation in the above two cases.
Answer. No
Because according to Bohr’s model,
En = − 13.6/n2
and electrons having different energies belong to different levels having different values of n.
So, their angular momenta will be different, as
(i) The increase in the frequency of incident radiation has no effect on photoelectric current. This is because of incident photon of increased energy cannot eject more than one electron from the metal surface.
(ii) The kinetic energy of the photoelectron becomes more than the double of its original energy. As the work function of the metal is fixed, so incident photon of higher frequency and hence higher energy will impart more energy to the photoelectrons.
3. Name the device which converts the change in intensity of illumination to change in electric current flowing through it. Plot I-V characteristics of this device for different intensities. State any two applications of this device.
Answer. Photodiodes are used to detect optical signals of different intensities by changing current flowing through them.
Applications of photodiodes:
1. In detection of optical signals.
2. In demodulation of optical signals.
3. In light operated switches.
4. In speed reading of computer punched cards.
5. In electronic counters
(any two out of these or any other relevant application)
Section-B
4. Derive an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when a hydrogen atom de-excites from level n to level (n – 1). Also show that for large values of n, this frequency equals to classical frequency of revolution of an electron.
Answer. From Bohr’s theory, the frequency f of the radiation emitted when an electron de-excites from
level n2 to level n1 is given as
5. Explain with a proper diagram how an ac signal can be converted into dc (pulsating) signal with output frequency as double than the input frequency using pn junction diode. Give its input and output waveforms.
Answer. A junction diode allows current to pass only when it is forward biased. So, if an alternating voltage is applied across a diode the current flows only in that part of the cycle when the diode is forward biased. This property is used to rectify alternating voltages and the circuit used for this purpose is called a rectifier.
Working with input and output waveforms
6. How long can an electric lamp of 100 W be kept glowing by fusion of 2 kg of deuterium? Take the fusion reaction as
Answer. Number of atoms present in 2 g of deuterium = 6 × 1023
Number of atoms present in 2.0 kg of deuterium = 6 × 1026
Energy released in fusion of 2 deuterium atoms = 3.27 MeV
Energy released in fusion of 2.0 kg of deuterium atoms
7. Define wavefront. Draw the shape of refracted wavefront when the plane incident wave undergoes refraction from optically denser medium to rarer medium. Hence prove Snell’s law of refraction.
Answer. A locus of points, which oscillate in phase is called a wavefront.
OR
A wavefront is defined as a surface of constant phase.
Diagram
Proof n1 sin i = n2 sin r (Derivation)
This is the Snell’s law of refraction.
8. (a) Draw a ray diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at least distance of distinct vision?
(b) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an objective of focal length 1.25 cm and an eye piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound microscope for the final image formed at least distance of distinct vision?
OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram of Astronomical Telescope for the final image formed at infinity.
(b) A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5.0 cm. Find the magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant objects when
(i) the telescope is in normal adjustment,
(ii) the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision.
Answer. (a) Diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at D:
9. Light of wavelength 2000 Å falls on a metal surface of work function 4.2 eV.
(a) What is the kinetic energy (in eV) of the fastest electrons emitted from the surface?
(b) What will be the change in the energy of the emitted electrons if the intensity of light with same wavelength is doubled?
(c) If the same light falls on another surface of work function 6.5 eV, what will be the energy of emitted electrons?
Answer. λ = 2000 Å = (2000 × 10–10) m
Wo = 4.2 eV
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
(a) Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation
K.E. = (6.2 – 4.2) eV = 2.0 eV
(b) The energy of the emitted electrons does not depend upon intensity of incident light; hence the energy remains unchanged.
(c) For this surface, electrons will not be emitted as the energy of incident light (6.2 eV) is less than the work function (6.5 eV) of the surface.
10. The focal length of a convex lens made of glass of refractive index (1.5) is 20 cm.
What will be its new focal length when placed in a medium of refractive index 1.25?
Is focal length positive or negative? What does it signify?
Answer. Given aμg = 1.5
Focal length of the given convex lens when it is placed in air is
f = + 20 cm
Refractive index of the given medium with respect to air is
aμm = 1.25
New focal length of the given convex lens when placed in a medium is f ′a
New focal length is positive.
The significance of the positive sign of the focal length is that given convex lens is still converging in the given medium.
11. (a) Name the e.m. waves which are suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation. Write the range of frequency of these waves.
(b) If the Earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now? Explain.
(c) An e.m. wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify.
OR
(a) “If the slits in Young’s double slit experiment are identical, then intensity at any point on the screen may vary between zero and four times to the intensity due to single slit”.
Justify the above statement through a relevant mathematical expression.
(b) Draw the intensity distribution as function of phase angle when diffraction of light takes place through coherently illuminated single slit.
Answer. (a) Microwaves are suitable for the radar system used in aircraft navigation.
Range of frequency of microwaves is 108 Hz to 1011 Hz.
(b) If the Earth did not have atmosphere, then there would be absence of greenhouse effect of the atmosphere. Due to this reason, the temperature of the earth would be lower than what it is now.
(c) An e.m. wave carries momentum with itself and given by
P = Energy of wave(U)/ Speed of the wave(c) = U/c
When it is incident upon a surface it exerts pressure on it.
OR
(a) The total intensity at a point where the phase difference is f, is given by I = I1 + I2 + 2 √ I1 I2 cos ∅ . Here I1 and I2 are the intensities of two individual sources which are equal.
When ∅ is 0, I = 4I1.
When ∅ is 90°, I = 0
Thus intensity on the screen varies between 4I1 and 0.
Range of frequency of microwaves is 108 Hz to 1011 Hz.
(b) Intensity distribution as function of phase angle, when diffraction of light takes place through coherently illuminated single slit
Section-C
12. Case Study: Mirage In Deserts
To a distant observer, the light appears to be coming from somewhere below the ground. The observer naturally assumes that light is being reflected from the ground, say, by a pool of water near the tall object. Such inverted images of distant tall objects cause an optical illusion to the observer. This phenomenon is called mirage. This type of mirage is especially common in hot deserts. Based on the above facts, answer the following questions:
(i) Which of the following phenomena is prominently involved in the formation of mirage in deserts?
(a) Refraction, Total internal reflection
(b) Dispersion and refraction
(c) Dispersion and scattering of light
(d) Total internal reflection and diffraction.
Answer
A
Answer
C
(iii) In an optical fibre, if n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the core and cladding, then which among the following, would be a correct equation?
(a) n1 < n2
(b) n1 = n2
(c) n1 << n2
(d) n1 > n2
Answer
D
(iv) A diamond is immersed in such a liquid which has its refractive index with respect to air as greater than the refractive index of water with respect to air. Then the critical angle of diamond-liquid interface as compared to critical angle of diamond -water interface will
(a) depend on the nature of the liquid only
(b) decrease
(c) remain the same
(d) increase.
Answer
D
(v) The following figure shows a cross-section of a ‘light pipe’ made of a glass fibre of refractive index 1.68. The outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the range of the angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for the following phenomena to occur.
(a) 0 < i < 90°
(b) 0 < i < 60°
(c) 0 < i < 45°
(d) 0 < i < 30°
Answer
B
