Electric Charges and Fields Class 12 Physics Important Questions

Students can read the important questions given below for Electric Charges and Fields Class 12 Physics. All Electric Charges and Fields Class 12 Notes and questions with solutions have been prepared based on the latest syllabus and examination guidelines issued by CBSE, NCERT and KVS. You should read all notes provided by us and Class 12 Physics Important Questions provided for all chapters to get better marks in examinations. Physics Question Bank Class 12 is available on our website for free download in PDF.

Important Questions of Electric Charges and Fields Class 12

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Potentiometer. A potentiometer is a device used to measure/compare unknown voltages. The device shown has a 4 metre long wire and draws current from a source of emf ‘E’.

Question. The potentiometer can compare emf E₁ and E₂ of two sources.
(a) If both E₁ and E₂ exceed E.
(b) If both E₁ and E₂ are less than E.
(c) If either E₁ and E₂ exceed E.
(d) For all values of E₁ and E₂.

Question. The sensitivity of potentiometer
(a) is independent of the length of the wire used.
(b) increases if the wire is longer.
(c) decreases if the wire is longer.
(d) increases with rise in temperature of the wire.

Question. The Potentiometer wire should have;
(a) uniform area of cross section.
(b) very large cross section.
(c) gradually increasing area of cross section from A to B.
(d) gradually decreasing area of cross section from A to B.

Question. Which of the following is not essential in a potentiometer?
(a) The wire should have uniform area of cross section.
(b) The wire should be made of copper.
(c) The current through the wire should be steady.
(d) The strips used to connect the parallel one metre long wire should be thick.

Question. In order to use the above potentiometer to find the internal resistance of cell.
(a) The positive terminal of the cell should be connected to A.
(b) The negative terminal of the cell should be connected to A.
(c) The cell should have an emf exceeding E
(d) Either of the two terminals positive or negative can be connected to A.

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A charge is a property associated with the matter due to which it experiences and produces an electric and magnetic field. Charges are scalar in nature and they add up like real number. Also, the total charge of an isolated system is always conserved. When the objects rub against each other charges acquired by them must be equal and opposite.

Question. The cause of a charing is:
(a) the actual transfer of protons.
(b) the actual transfer of electrons.
(c) the actual transfer of neutrons.
(d) none the above

Question. Pick the correct statement.
(a) The glass rod gives protons to silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(b) The glass rod gives electrons to silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(c) The glass rod gains protons from silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(d) The glass rod gains electrons when they are rubbed against each other.

Question. If two electrons are each 1.5 × 10^–10 m from a proton, the magnitude of the net electric force they will exert on the proton is
(a) 1.97 × 10^–8 N
(b) 2.73 × 10^–8 N
(c) 3.83 × 10^–8 N
(d) 4.63 × 10^–8 N

Question. A charge is a property associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences:
(a) electric effects only
(b) magnetic effects only
(c) both electric and magnetic effects
(d) none of these.

Question. The cause of quantization of electric charges is:
(a) Transfer of an integral number of neutrons.
(b) Transfer of an integral number of protons.
(c) Transfer of an integral number of electrons.
(d) None of the above.

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Surface Charge Density . Surface charge density is defined as the charge per unit surface area the surface (Arial) charge symmetric distribution and follow Gauss law of electro statics mathematical term of surface charge density σ = ΔQ/ΔS

Two large thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite sign (± s). Having magnitude 8.8 × 10^–12 cm^–2 as shown here. The intensity of electrified at a point is E = σ/∈₀ and flux is Φ = E^→ Δ S^→, where ΔS = 1 m² (unit arial plate)

Question. E in the outer region (I) of the first (A) plate is
(a) 1.7 × 10^–22 N/C
(b) 1.1 × 10^–12 V/m
(c) Zero
(d) Insufficient data

Question. E in the outer region (III) of the second plate (B) is
(a) 1 N/C
(b) 0.1 V/m
(c) 0.5 N/C
(d) zero

Question. E between (II) the plate is
(a) 1 N/C
(b) 0.1 V/m
(c) 0.5 N/C
(d) None of these

Question. The ratio of E from left side of plate A at distance 1 cm and 2 m respectively is
(a) 1 : √2
(b) 10 : √2
(c) 1 : 1
(d) √20 : 1

Question. In order to estimate the electric field due to a thin finite plane metal plate the Gaussian surface considered is
(a) Spherical
(b) Linear
(c) Cylindrical
(d) Cybic

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Work is done in moving a unit positive charge. From infinity to a point in an electric field, against the direction of electric field, is called electric potential. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in volts. Electric intensity at a point is equal to the negative of the potential gradient i.e, E = − dV/dr Electric potential due to a single charge is given by V = kq/r. Electric potential due to an electric dipole is given by:

Electric potential energy is given by:
U = electric potential × Change = kq₁ q₂/r

Question. Two concentric spheres r₁ and r₂ carry charges q₁ and q₂ respectively. If the surface charge density σ is the same for both spheres, the electric potential at the common centre will be:

Question. Dimensions of electrostatic potential are:
(a) [M¹ L^–2 T^–3 A^–1]
(b) [M¹ L2 T²]
(c) [M^–1 L^–2 T^–3 A^–2]
(d) [M¹ L² T^–3 A^–1]

Question. Two metallic spheres of radii 1 cm and 3 cm are given charges of –1 × 10^–2 C and 5 × 10^–2 C respectively. If these are connected by a conducting wire, the final charge on the bigger sphere is:
(a) 2 × 10^–2 C
(b) 3 × 10^–2 C
(c) 4 × 10^–2 C
(d) 1 × 10^–2 C

Question. Changes are placed on the vertices of a square as shown in figure. Let E be the electric field and V be the potential at the centre. If the charges on A and B are interchanged with those on D and C respectively then,

(a) E Changes, V remains constant.
(b) E remains unchanged, V changes.
(c) Both E and V Changes.
(d) E and V remains unchanged.

Question. The electric potential difference V at any point (x,y,z) in space is given by V = 3x² where x, y and z are all in meters. The electric field at the point (1 m, 0, 2 m) is:
(a) 6V/m along positive x–axis.
(b) 6V/m along negative x–axis.
(c) 12V/m along negative x–axis.
(d) 12V/m along positive x–axis.

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Gauss Theorem: The total flux through a closed surface, enclosing a volume, in vacuum is 1/∈0 time the net change, enclosed by the surface

Gaussian Surface: Any closed surface imagined around the charge distribution, so that Gauss theorem can be conveniently applied to find electric field due to the give charge distribution. Electric field due to infinitely long straight charged wire of linear charge density λ ;
E = λ/2π∈₀r^, where r is the perpendicular distance of the observation point from the wire. Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge of surface charge density σ. E = σ/2∈₀

Question. S.I unit of electric flux is ……………….. .
(a) N² m C
(b) Nm C^–2
(c) Nm² C^–1
(d) Nm^–2 C

Question. Electric flux is a …………………. .
(a) Constant quantity
(b) Vector quantity
(c) Scalar quantity
(d) None of these

Question. Two charges of magnitude –2Q and +Q are located at points (a, 0) and (4a, 0) respectively. What is the electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of radius ‘3a’ with its centre at origin?

Question. A charge q is placed at the centre of a cube of side l. What is the electric flux passing through each face to the cube?

Question. The figure shows three charges +2q , –q and +3q. Two charges + 2q and –q are enclosed with in a surface ‘S’. What is the electric flux due to this configuration through the surface ‘S’ ?