MCQ Question for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Class 12 Biology MCQs Questions with Answers

Refer below for MCQ Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes with solutions. Solve questions and compare with the answers provided below

Question. c-DNA probes are copied from the messenger RNA molecules with the help of
(a) restriction enzymes
(b) reverse transcriptase
(c) DNA polyermase
(d) adenosine deaminase

Question. The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called
(a) template
(b) carrier
(c) transformer
(d) vector.

Question. Which of the following are used in gene cloning?
(a) Nucleoids
(b) Lomasomes
(c) Mesosomes
(d) Plasmids

Question. Genetic engineering is possible, because
(a) we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNase I
(b) restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro
(c) the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
(d) we can see DNA by electron microscope.

Question. Which of the following statement is not correct about cloning vector ?
(a) ‘Ori’ is a sequence responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA.
(b) Selectable marker selectively permitting the growth of the non-transformants.
(c) In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have single recognition site for the commonly used restriction enzymes.
(d) The ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in one of the two antibiotic resistance genes.

Question. Identify the wrong statement with regard to restriction enzymes.
(a) Each restriction enzyme functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence.
(b) They cut the strand of DNA at palindromic sites.
(c) They are useful in genetic engineering.
(d) Sticky ends can be joined by using DNA ligases.

Question. The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed
(a) selectable marker
(b) Ori site
(c) palindromic sequence
(d) recognition site.

Question. In an experiment, recombinant DNA bearing ampicillin-resistance gene is transferred into E.coli cells. The host cells are then cultured on a medium containing ampicillin. The result will be
(a) both transformants and non-transformants cannot survive.
(b) both transformants and non-transformants can survive.
(c) transformants only and not the non-transformants can survive.
(d) transformants cannot survive, but non-transformants can not.

Question. Following statements describe the characteristics of the enzyme restriction endonuclease. Identify the incorrect statement.
(a) The enzyme recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
(b) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified position within the DNA.
(c) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts only one of the two strands.
(d) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone at specific sites on each strand.

Question. Given below are four statements pertaining to separation of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis. Identify the incorrect statements.
(i) DNA is negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on gel towards the anode terminal.
(ii) DNA fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect movement of DNA.
(iii) Smaller the size of DNA fragment larger is the distance it travels through it.
(iv) Pure DNA can be visualized directly by exposing UV radiation.
Choose correct answer from the options given below.
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv)

Question. A gene whose expression helps to identify transformed cell is known as
(a) vector
(b) plasmid
(c) structural gene
(d) selectable marker.

Question. Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using
(a) Restriction enzymes
(b) Cloning vectors
(c) DNA probes
(d) Gene targets

Question. Which of the following restriction enzymes produces blunt ends?
(a) SalI
(b) EcoRV
(c) XhoI
(d) HindIII

Question. Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using
(a) Restriction enzymes
(b) Cloning vectors
(c) DNA probes
(d) Gene targets

Question. The introduction of T-DNA into plants involves
(a) exposing the plants to cold for a brief period
(b) allowing the plant roots to stand in water
(c) infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(d) altering the pH of the soil, then heat-shocking the plants.

Question. Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are
(a) T – DNA
(b) BAC and YAC
(c) expression vectors
(d) T/A cloning vectors.

Question. A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called
(a) vector
(b) selectable marker
(c) plasmid
(d) probe.

Question. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used
(a) as selectable markers
(b) to select healthy vectors
(c) as sequences from where replication starts
(d) to keep the cultures free of infection.

Question. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does “co” part in it stand for?
(a) colon
(b) coelom
(c) coenzyme
(d) coli

Question. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?
(a) Baculovirus
(b) Salmonella typhimurium
(c) Rhizopus nigricans
(d) Retrovirus

Question. In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (i-iv) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors.
(i) Bacterium (ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium (iv) Bacteriophage
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i) only
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Question. Gel electrophoresis is used for
(a) construction of recombinant DNA by joining with cloning vectors
(b) isolation of DNA molecules
(c) cutting of DNA into fragments
(d) separation of DNA fragments according to their size.

Question. Restriction endonuclease
(a) synthesizes DNA
(b) cuts the DNA molecule randomly
(c) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites
(d) restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nucleus.

Question. Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a PCR reaction?
(a) Denaturation of template DNA
(b) Annealing of primers to template DNA
(c) Extension of primer end on the template DNA
(d) All of the above 

Question. The most thoroughly studied of the known bacteriaplant interactions is the
(a) cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns
(b) gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium
(c) nodulation of Sesbania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria
(d) plant growth stimulation by phosphatesolubilising bacteria.

Question. Human Genome Project (HGP) is closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called as
(a) biotechnology
(b) bioinformatics
(c) biogeography
(d) bioscience

Question. A mutant strain of T4 – Bacteriophage, R-II, fails to lyse the E. coli but when two strains R-IIX and R-IIY are mixed then they lyse the E. coli. What may be the possible reason?
(a) Bacteriophage transforms in wild.
(b) It is not mutated.
(c) Both strains have similar cistrons.
(d) Both strains have different cistrons.

Question. Maximum number of bases in plasmids discovered so far
(a) 50 kilo base
(b) 500 kilo base
(c) 5000 kilo base
(d) 5 kilo base.

Question . A recombinant DNA molecule can be produced in the absence of the following:
(a) Restriction endonuclease
(b) DNA ligase
(c) DNA fragments
(d) E. coli.

Question. Recombinant DNA is achieved by cleaving the pro-DNAs by
(a) ligase
(b) restriction endonuclease
(c) primase
(d) exonucleases.

Question. DNA precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment with
(a) chilled chloroform
(b) isopropanol
(c) chilled ethanol
(d) methanol at room temperature.

Question. Restriction endonucleases are used as
(a) molecular build up at nucleotides.
(b) molecular degradation to DNA breakup.
(c) molecular knives for cutting DNA at specific sites.
(d) molecular cement to combine DNA sites.

Question.An enzyme catalysing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is:
(a) endonuclease
(b) exonuclease
(c) DNAligase
(d) Hind-ll.

Question. The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is
(a) extension, denaturation, annealing
(b) annealing, extension, denaturation
(c) denaturation, extension, annealing
(d) denaturation, annealing, extension.

Question. The Taq polymerase enzyme is obtained from
(a) Bacillus subtilis 
(b) Pseudomonas putida
(c) Thermus aquaticus
(d) Thiobacillus ferroxidans.

Question. The DNA fragments produced by the use of restriction endonucleases can be separated by
(a) polymerase chain reaction
(b) gel electrophoresis
(c) density gradient centrifugation
(d) any of the above.

Question. Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for
(a) addition of preservatives to the product
(b) purification of the product
(c) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
(d) availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Question. In vitro clonal propagation in plants is characterized by
(a) PCR and RAPD
(b) Northern blotting
(c) electrophoresis and HPLC
(d) microscopy.

Question. What is the first step in the Southern blot technique?
(a) Denaturation of DNA on the gel for hybridization with specific probe.
(b) Production of a group of genetically identical cells.
(c) Digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme.
(d) Denaturation of DNA from a nucleated cell such as the one from the scene of crime.

Question. Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?
(a) It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cells.
(b) It serves as a selectable marker.
(c) It is isolated from a virus.
(d) It remains active at high temperature. 

Question. The enzymes which are absolutely necessary for recombinant DNA technology are
(a) restriction endonucleases and topoisomerases
(b) endonucleases and polymerases
(c) restriction endonucleases and ligases
(d) peptidases and ligases.

Question. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does “co” part in it stand for?
(a) Colon
(b) Coelom
(c) Coenzyme
(d) Coli

Question. In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (i-iv) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors.
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Bacteriophage
(a) (i), (ii) & (iv)
(b) (i) only
(c) (i) & (iii)
(d) (ii) & (iv)

Question. DNA precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment with
(a) chilled chloroform
(b) isopropanol
(c) chilled ethanol
(d) methanol at room temperature.

Question. The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called
(a) downstream processing
(b) bioprocessing
(c) postproduction processing
(d) upstream processing.

Question. Match the items in column I with their uses in column II and choose the right option.

Column I	Column II
A. ELISA	(i) Antigen-antibody interaction
B. PCR	(ii) Gene amplification
C. Biolistics	(iii) Direct introduction of recombinant DNA
D. Micro-injection	(iv) Gold coated DNA

(a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(b) A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(c) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii)
(d) A-(i), B-(iv), C- (ii), D-(iii)

Question. Elution means
(a) making the DNA bands visible under UV radiation
(b) separation of DNA fragments on agarose gel
(c) isolating alien DNA from the choice organism
(d) cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel.

Question. Identify the desirable characteristics for a plasmid used in rDNA technology from the following.
A. Ability to multiply and express outside the host in a bioreactor B. A highly active promoter
C. A site at which replication can be initiated
D. One or more identifiable marker genes
E. One or more unique restriction sites
(a) A, C, D and E only
(b) A, C and E only
(c) B, C, D and E only
(d) B, C and E only

Question. The figure below shows three steps (A, B,C) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Select the option giving correct identification together with what it represents?

(a) B – Denaturation at a temperature of about 98°C separating the two DNA strands.
(b) A – Denaturation at a temperature of about 50°C.
(c) C – Extension in the presence of heat stable DNA polymerase.
(d) A – Annealing with two sets of primers.

Question. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for
(a) study of enzymes
(b) genetic transformation
(c) DNA sequencing
(d) genetic fingerprinting.

Question. Following statements describe the characteristics of the enzyme restriction endonuclease. Identify the incorrect statement.             
(a) The enzyme recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
(b) The enzyme cuts DNA molecule at identified position within the DNA.
(c) The enzyme binds DNA at specific sites and cuts only one of the two strands.
(d) The enzyme cuts the sugar-phosphate backbone at specific sites on each strand.

Question. Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?         
(a) It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cells.
(b) It serves as a selectable marker.
(c) It is isolated from a virus.
(d) It remains active at high temperature.

Question. In genetic fingerprinting, the ‘probe’ refers to ––––––           
(a) a radioactively labelled single stranded DNA molecule.
(b) a radioactively labelled single stranded RNA molecule.
(c) a radioactively labelled double stranded RNA molecule.
(d) a radioactively labelled double stranded DNA molecule.

Question. Which of the following restriction enzymes produces blunt ends?           
(a) SalI
(b) EcoRV
(c) XhoI
(d) HindIII

Question. Given below are four statements pertaining to separation of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis. Identify the incorrect statements.         
(i) DNA is negatively charged molecule and so it is loaded on gel towards the anode terminal.
(ii) DNA fragments travel along the surface of the gel whose concentration does not affect movement of DNA.
(iii) Smaller the size of DNA fragment larger is the distance it travels through it.
(iv) Pure DNA can be visualized directly by exposing UV radiation.
Choose the answer from the options given below.
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv)

Question. The DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can be visualised after staining with         
(a) acetocarmine
(b) aniline blue
(c) ethidium bromide
(d) bromophenol blue.

Question. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does “co” part in it stand for?             
(a) Colon
(b) Coelom
(c) Coenzyme
(d) Coli

Question. Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms?     
(a) Recombinant DNA techniques
(b) X-ray diffraction
(c) Heavier isotope labelling
(d) Hybridisation

Question. Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids?         
(a) Transferable
(b) Single-stranded
(c) Independent replication
(d) Circular structure

Question. The enzymes which are absolutely necessary for recombinant DNA technology are           
(a) restriction endonucleases and topoisomerases
(b) endonucleases and polymerases
(c) restriction endonucleases and ligases
(d) peptidases and ligases.

Question. The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called    
(a) template               
(b) carrier
(c) transformer
(d) vector.

Question. In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (i-iv) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors.         
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Bacteriophage
(a) (i), (ii) & (iv)
(b) (i) only
(c) (i) & (iii)
(d) (ii) & (iv)

Question. Restriction endonucleases are         
(a) used for in vitro DNA synthesis
(b) synthesised by bacteria as part of their defence mechanism
(c) present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
(d) used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules.

Question. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?           
(a) Baculovirus
(b) Salmonella typhimurium
(c) Rhizopus nigricans
(d) Retrovirus

Question. Identify A, B, C and D in the given diagram. 

(a) A-ori, B-ampR, C-tetR, D-HindIII
(b) A-HindIII, B-tetR, C-ampR, D-ori
(c) A-ampR, B-tetR, C-HindIII, D-ori
(d) A-tetR, B-HindIII, C-ori, D-ampR

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