Please refer to Comparative Development Experience of India with its Neighbours Class 11 Economics notes and questions with solutions below. These revision notes and important examination questions have been prepared based on the latest Economics books for Class 11. You can go through the questions and solutions below which will help you to get better marks in your examinations.
Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experience of India with its Neighbours Notes and Questions
Case Based Questions
“India’s economic growth suffered its worst fall on record in the April-June quarter, with the GDP contracting 23.9%. The coronavirus-related lockdowns mainly weighed on the already declining consumer demand and investment. The numbers are the worst since India started reporting quarterly data in 1996. Barring China, the world’s second-largest economy, all other major economies have felt the negative impact of coronavirus pandemic. In the April-June quarter of 2020, Chinese economy grew by 3.2 per cent.” —— Tuesday, September 1, 2020, Business Today
On the basis of the above paragraph, answer the following questions: –
Q.1) What kind of difference we can observe regarding the GDP growth rate between India and China during present Pandemic situation?
Q.2) Why Indian Economy had to face such a great decline in GDP growth rate due to lockdowns while China’s economy is still growing?
Q.3) As a student of Economics what suggestion you would like to give to boost up the economy of our country? (Write one specific suggestion)
Q.4) Do you think Pakistan also facing the same situation like India or it is growing like China?
Ans:- [ Hints: India suffered a lot than any other country regarding the decline in GDP growth due to sudden lock-down declaration all over the country, while partial lock-down policy was followed by most other countries of the world.]
Part :B:- Short Answer Type Questions:-
Q.1. Although China is the most indebted country in the world, its position is highly satisfactory. Why?
Ans: [Hint: – China’s total debt service rate is one of the lowest in the world due to its massive foreign trade surplus. China’s total debt service rate, that is, percentage of export of goods, service and primary income was nearly 7.62% as against 10.07% for India and as high as 22.8% for Pakistan.]
Q.2) Do you agree with the statement that India has failed to grow as fast as China, because it has failed to check the growth rate of its population? Write your views in brief.
Ans:-[Hint:- Owing to unbridled growth of population, the government in India has failed to reduce the BPL population. This has led to a huge expenditure by way of food subsidy, besides the expenditure related to health, housing and education of the BPL population.]
Part: C:- Short-Answer type questions:-
Q.1) China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.
Ans:-[Hint:-China’s rapid industrial growth is an aggregate outcome of the various economic reforms that were introduced in phases since 1978. In the initial phase, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sectors like Commune System, Dual Pricing system, Setting of SEZ etc.]
Q.2) Do you agree with the opinion that structure of growth is more complementary with the GDP growth in China than India?
Ans:-[Hint:- Historically, the structure of growth has shown a shift from the predominance of agriculture to the predominance of industry in GDP growth of the country. This is very effective of absorption of surplus labour. While, China’s growth story reveals the process of transformation from Agriculture to industrial sector, India’s structure of growth has been transformed from Agriculture to tertiary sector.]
Q.3) How will you prove that human development is more progressed in China than in India or Pakistan?
Ans:- [Hint:- Analyses a recent years’ dataset of various human development indicators of India, China and Pakistan and compare the progress. In 2020 Human Development Report, HDI Ranking for India is 131, for China is 85 and for Pakistan is 154]
Q.4) Suggest some lessons that India can learn from China.
Ans:-[Hint: Learning about promoting agricultural sector, adopting one-child policy, anti-corruption measures, dual pricing system, export promotion policies etc.]
Q.5) Scholars find son preference as a common phenomenon in many developing countries including India, China and Pakistan. Do you find this phenomenon in your family and neighborhoods? Why do people practice discrimination between male and female children? What do you think? Ans:- [ Hint:- Yes, because of insecurity for the females, marriage at early ages and dowry system, religious background etc.]
Part-D:- Long Answer Questions:-
Q.1) Give reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan. Ans:- [Hints: Greater dependency on the public sector enterprises, traditional agricultural practices, underdeveloped manufacturing sector, increasing dependence on foreign loan, lack of political stability, insufficient foreign investment etc. are some main causes for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.] Q.2) The infrastructural reforms introduced by China proved to be successful while Pakistan lagged far behind. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer. Ans:-[Hint:- China has promoted commune system for equitable distribution, decentralized planning for effective implementation of reforms, developed small enterprises along with health, education and infrastructure while Pakistan is suffering from lack of uniform reforms and its ineffective implementation, low rate of savings and investment which made it dependent on other countries.]
Question 3: Mention the salient demographic indicators of China, Pakistan and India.
Ans:- [Hint:-
From the current data set comparing among the important demographic indicators like total population, annual growth rate of population, density of population, sex ratio, fertility rate, urbanization it can be said that although China is the largest populated country but its other demographic indicators are stronger than those of both India and Pakistan.]
Q.4) Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China.
Answer: [Hint: China’s rapid economic development is an aggregate outcome of the introduction of the reforms in phases since 1978. Various factors like reform in agriculture, foreign trade and investment, commune system, introducing dual pricing system, SEZs etc. led to the rapid growth in the economic development in China]
Q5. Critically appraise the development strategies of Pakistan. Answer: [Hint: – Discussion on advantages and limitations of different development strategies of Pakistan, like mixed economic system, import substitution, green revolution etc.]
Part: A:- Very Short Answer Type Questions:-
SECTION:A: Multiple-Choice Questions:-
Q.1) The Great Leap Forward campaign in China focused on___________.
(a) widespread industrialization
(b) new agricultural strategy
(c) privatization
(d) economic reforms
Ans: (a)
Q.2) Growth rate of population is highest in which of the following country?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) None of these
Ans: (c)
Q.3) Reform process was started in China in .
(a) 1968
(b) 1978
(c) 1988
(d) 1991
Ans:- (b)
Q.4) With which of the following concepts is commune system associated?
(a) Industrialization
(b) Human rights
(c) SEZs
(d) Equal distribution of land
Ans:- (d)
Q.5) Which of the following is not an indicator of human development?
(a) Density of population
(b) GDP per capita
(c) Literacy rate
(d) Life expectancy at birth
Ans:- (a)
Q.6) When did China announce its first five-year plan?
(a) 1951
(b) 1956
(c) 1953
(d) 1961
Ans:- (c)
Q.7) Which of the following countries ranks first in the development experience?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) None of these
Ans:- (b)
Q.8) Which of the following countries has introduced one-child norm?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) Bangladesh
Ans:- (a)
Q.9) Pakistan became independent in
(a) 1946
(b) 1944
(c) 1947
(d) 1945
Ans:- (c)
Q.10) Great leap forward campaign was initiated in China in_____
(a) 1978
(b) 1968
(c) 1948
(d) 1958
Ans:- (d)
SECTION:B:- Fill in the blanks:-
Q.1) After independence, Pakistan adopted _______model of growth. (mixed-economy/socialist-economy)
Ans:- Mixed-economy
Q.2) China has recently started moving towards a ___ (Democratic/Dictatorship).
Ans:- Democratic
Q.3) People’s Republic of China was established in__________ (1948/1949) Ans:- 1949
Q.4) In India and Pakistan, the service sector accounts for more than (50/25) per cent of GDP.
Ans:- 50
Q.5) In order to attract foreign investors__________ (ACJs/ SEZs) were set up. Ans:- SEZs
Q.6) India announced its First Five Year Plan in________ (1951/1956).
Ans:- 1951
Q.7) (a) First Five Year Plan of ____ commenced in the year 1956. (Pakistan/China)
Ans:- Pakistan
Q.8) Maternal mortality rate is high in _. (China/Pakistan)
Ans:- Pakistan
Q.9) Proportion of people below poverty line is more in _.(India/Pakistan)
Ans:- India
Q.10) Reforms in _____ were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)
Ans:- China
SECTION:C:- Write True/False
Q.1) The Great Leap Forward campaign was launched in Pakistan.
Ans:- False. The Great Leap Forward campaign was launched in China.
Q.2) China has the highest life expectancy.
Ans:- True. China has the highest life expectancy of 71.6 years.
Q.3) In both India and Pakistan, the service sector is emerging as a major player of development.
Ans:- True. In the 1980s, India, China and Pakistan employed 17,12 and 27 percent of its workforce in the service sector respectively.
Q.4) All the three countries China, India and Pakistan relied on public sector as the core sector of the economy.
Ans:- True. They all relied on Public Sector
Q.5) China received financial support from western nations.
Ans:- False.
Q.6) In all the three economies, the industry and service sectors have less proportion of workforce but contribute more in terms of output.
Ans:- True.
Q.7) Economic reforms in Pakistan were different from those undertaken in India.
Ans:- False
Q.8) Availability of cheap labour force has given China a comparative cost advantage.
Ans:- True
Q.9) India and Pakistan adopted similar strategies for social and economic development.
Ans:- True
Q.10) China’s growth is mainly contributed by the industrial sector and India’s growth by service sector.
Ans:– True
SECTION:D:- Answer the following questions:-
1. Mention some examples of regional and economic groupings.
Ans. SAARC, ASEAN, European Union (EU), G8 etc.
2.When were reforms introduced in all the three economies?
Ans. Reforms in China were introduced in 1978, in Pakistan in 1988 and India in 1991.
3. In which country, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced?
Ans. China
4. Name any two indicators of human development.
Ans. i) Life expectancy at birth
ii) Per Capita GDP (PPP) in US $
5.Name any two indicators of comparative development.
Ans. i) Growth
ii) Human Development
Part: A: – Very Short Answer Type Questions: –
Multiple-Choice Questions: –
Q.1) Which of the following is a feature pertaining to the Indian economy?
(a) One child norm
(b) Growth due to manufacturing sector
(c) High degree of urbanization
(d) Life expectancy at birth
Ans: – (d)
Q.2) What was the fertility rate in Pakistan as in 2015?
(a) 1.6
(b) 2.6
(c) 3.7
(d) 3.6
Ans: – (c)
Q.3) Which of the following country was faster in shifting its workforce from agriculture to service sector?
(a) India
(b) Pakistan
(c) China
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans: – (b)
Q.4) Which of the following is not an indicator of human development?
(a) Density of population
(b) GDP per capita
(c) Life expectancy at birth
(d) Literacy rate
Ans: (a)
Q.5) With which of the following concepts is commune system associated?
(a) Industrialization
(b) Human rights
(c) Equal distribution of land
(d) Special Economic Zones
Ans: – (c)
Q.6) How many people died in the devastating earthquake that took place in Pakistan in 2005?
(a) 45000
(b) 55000
(c) 65000
(d) 75000
Ans:- (d)
Q.7) First five- year plan of ____commenced in the year 1956.
(a) Pakistan
(b) India
(c) China
(d) None of these
Ans:- (a)
Q.8) Reforms were introduced in 1978 in___.
(a) China
(b) Pakistan
(c) India
(d) All of these
Ans:- (a)
Q.9) One child norm is featured of ______country.
(a) France
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) China
Ans:- (d)
Q.10) ________has the highest life expectancy.
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) both (a) and (c)
Ans:- (b)
SECTION: B: – Fill in the blanks: –
1) In the strategy of growth of India and Pakistan, ___sector was assigned the secondary role of pushing the process of growth. (public/private)
Ans: – Private
2) ______ has established a substantial lead over India in terms of GDP growth and structural transformation. (China/Pakistan)
Ans: – China
3) The trade-GDP ratio of India is than that of Pakistan (greater/lesser).
Ans: – Greater
4) ____has shown brighter signs of urbanization. (India/Pakistan) Ans: – Pakistan 5) One child policy was adopted in China in the year_(1978/1979)
Ans: – 1979
Q.6) Pakistan’s five-year plan is now called the Development Plan. (Long-term/Medium-term).
Ans: – Medium-term
Q.7) ___ introduced the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1695 in China. (Mao/Sun-jat-sen)
Ans: – Mao
Q.8) In the 1970s, nationalization of capital goods industries took place in_________ (India/Pakistan)
Ans: – Pakistan
Q.9) Lack of (economical/political) freedom and its implications for human rights are major concerns in China.
Ans: – Political
Q.10) In 1978 (Economic Reforms/ The Great Leap Forward) were initiated in China.
Ans: – Economic Reforms
SECTION:C: – Write True/False
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Q.1) China relied on ‘outward-looking’ strategy of growth.
Ans:- False
Q.2) Chinese government is battling with the problem of environment degradation.
Ans:- True
Q.3) In China, commune system is related to industry. (True/False)
Ans:- False
Q.4) In India, agricultural reforms have been far less effective than in China.
Ans:- True
Q.5) In terms of sectoral contribution to GDP, Chinese economy is relying more on secondary sector.
Ans:- True
Q.6) With a significant jump in the growth of GDP, the structure of growth has failed to show structural transformation in China.
Ans:- False
Q.7) Regional and global economic groupings are formed to protest against free flow of goods and services between nations.
Ans:- False
Q.8) Pakistan introduced a variety of regulated policy framework for import substitution industrialization.
Ans:- True
SECTION:D:-Matching
Q) Form the set of statements given in Column I and Column II, chose the correct pair of statements:
Answers: (c) Availability of cheap labour force- (iii) Comparative cost advantage to China
SECTION: E: – Answer the following questions: –
Q.1) What type of economic system is followed in China?
Ans. Command economy model. In this model all critical areas of production were brought under state ownership in China.
Q.2) Give the meaning of infant mortality rate.
Ans. Infant mortality rate refers to number of infants dying before reaching one year of age per 1000 live birth in a year.
Q.3) Between India and China, which country has higher value of Human Development Index?
Ans. China
Q.4) Mention the major reason for the low population growth in China.
Ans. Introduction of ‘One Child Policy’
Q.5) Name the programmer started in China with the aim of industrialization.
Ans. Great leap forward programmer.
Q.6) Out of China, Pakistan and India, which country has the largest contribution of the service sector to the GDP?
Ans. Pakistan.
Q.7) Out of India, China and Pakistan, Which country has the highest workforce engaged in agriculture?
Ans. India has the highest workforce (60%) engaged in agriculture.
Q.8) Name the two areas of development where Pakistan has topped India.
Ans. i) Less percentage of population below poverty line.
ii) Percentage of population having access to improved water sources
Q.9) Name the two areas of development where India has an edge over Pakistan.
Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Per Capita GDP (PPP) in US $.
Q.10) Define Special Economic Zone (SEZ)?
Ans. It is a geographical region that has economic laws different from a country’s typical economic laws. Usually, the goal is to increase foreign investment.
Q.1) A campaign in China in 1958 where people were encouraged to set up industries in their backyard was named as:
(a) Great leap forward
(b) Great proletarian cultural revolution
(c) Anti-rightist movement
(d) Four pests campaign
Ans:- (a)
Q.2) In which of the following areas, Pakistan has an edge over India?
(a) Export of software after economic reforms
(b) Number of Ph.D.’s produced in science and engineering every year
(c) Reducing the proportion of population below poverty line
(d)All the above
Ans:- (c)
Q.3) According to demographic parameters, the density of population is lowest in:
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Ans:- (a)
Q.4) China moving ahead of India and Pakistan is true for which indicator?
(a) GDP per capita
(b) Proportion of population below poverty line
(c) HDI ranking
(d) All the above
Ans:- (d)
Q.5) Which of the following observations highlight the common success story of India and Pakistan?
(a) Both have succeeded in more than doubling their per capita incomes
(b) Food production has failed to keep pace with the rise in population
(c) Food sufficiency has been accompanied with improved nutritional status (d) Both (a) and (c)
Ans:- (d)
Q.6) To analyses a comparative performance of the economies of India, China and Pakistan, which of the following is the correct?
(a) China achieved a breakthrough in GDP growth in early 1980s.
(b) With New Economic Policy (NEP) in place, India experienced a rebound in its GDP growth.
(c) Economic reforms in Pakistan were almost similar to that in India
(d) All of these
Ans:- (d)
Q.7) With respect to ‘Statism’ as a model of growth adopted by China, choose the correct statement.
(a) Ownership of all resources vested with the state
(b) The private sector was the deciding authority with respect to what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce
(c) State was to maintain the population
(d) None of these
Ans:- (a)
Q.8) Public sector was assigned a key role in the process of growth in India and Pakistan because:
(a) both the economies needed a big push of investment
(b) partition of the country had rendered both of them as laggard economies
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Ans:- (c)
Q.9) After independence, both India and Pakistan relied upon:
(a) ‘mixed-economy’ as the strategy of growth
(b) ‘capitalism’ as the strategy of growth
(c) ‘socialism’ as the strategy of growth
(d) ‘free economy’ as the strategy of growth
Answer: (a) ‘mixed-economy’ as the strategy of growth
Q.10) What is the infant mortality rate as per thousand in China compared with per thousand in India?
1) 30,60
2) 30,35
3) 35,65
4) 24,45
Answer: 2) 30,35
Q.11) What is the percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture in China?
1) 55
2) 54
3) 60
4) 53
Answer: 54 % workforce is engaged in agriculture in China
Q.12) Per capita income is highest in
1) India
2) Pakistan
3) China
4) None
Answer: 1) India has the highest per capita income
Q.13) In an economy, Human Development Index measures
1) Birth rate
2) Death rate
3) Quality of life
4) Quality of education
Answer: 3) Quality of life
Q.14) Full form of UNDP
1) United Nation Development Policy 2) United Nation Development Programmer
3) Union Nation Development Programmer
4) None of the above
Answer: 2) United Nation Development Programmer
Q.15) UNDP prepares quality life index for how many countries 1) 186 2) 187 3) 188 4) 185
Answer: 2) 187
SECTION:B:- Fill in the blanks:-
6) China adopted ____as a model of growth. (statist /socialism)
Ans:- Statist
7) High GDP growth has led to a serious challenge of sustainable development due to the problem of environmental degradation in_ (China/Pakistan).
Ans:- China
8) Owing to slow GDP growth , and consequently the low level of income, _________ economy has moved into a ‘low-income-low-growth’ trap. (India’s/Pakistan’s)
Ans:- Pakistan’s
9) The relative success of China is credited to ________stability in China. (social/political)
Ans:- Political
SECTION:C:-Chronological Arrangement
Q.) Choose the correct alternative showing chronological order of the following events:
(i) One child policy in China
(ii) Economic reforms in Pakistan
(iii) New Economic Policy (NEP) in India
(iv)Commune system in agriculture in China
Alternatives:
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